Antarctica - the loneliest continent

Antarctica is Earth's southernmost continent. It contains the geographic South Pole and is situated in the Antarctic region of the Southern Hemisphere, almost entirely south of the Antarctic Circle, and is surrounded by the Southern Ocean. At 14,200,000 square kilometres (5,500,000 square miles), it is the fifth-largest continent and nearly twice the size of Australia. At 0.00008 people per square kilometre, it is by far the least densely populated continent. About 98% of Antarctica is covered by ice that averages 1.9 km (1.2 mi; 6,200 ft) in thickness, which extends to all but the northernmost reaches of the Antarctic Peninsula.

Antarctica, on average, is the coldest, driest, and windiest continent, and has the highest average elevation of all the continents. Most of Antarctica is a polar desert, with annual precipitation of 200 mm (7.9 in) along the coast and far less inland; there has been no rain there for almost 2 million years, yet 80% of the world freshwater reserves are stored there, enough to raise global sea levels by about 60 m (100 ft) if all of it were to melt. The temperature in Antarctica has reached −89.2 °C (−128.6 °F)

The long-imagined (but undiscovered) south polar continent was originally called Terra Australis, sometimes shortened to 'Australia' as seen in a woodcut illustration titled Sphere of the winds, contained in an astrological textbook published in Frankfurt in 1545.[17] Although the longer Latin phrase was better known, the shortened name Australia was used in Europe's scholarly circles.

Then in the nineteenth century, the colonial authorities in Sydney removed the Dutch name from New Holland. Instead of inventing a new name to replace it, they took the name Australia from the south polar continent, leaving it nameless for some eighty years. During that period, geographers had to make do with clumsy phrases such as "the Antarctic Continent". They searched for a more poetic replacement, suggesting various names such as Ultima and Antipodea.[18] Eventually Antarctica was adopted in the 1890s.

Image of the largest Antarctic  ever recorded due to CFCsaccumulation (September 2006)
Main article: Ozone depletion
There is a large area of low ozone concentration or "ozone hole" over Antarctica. This hole covers almost the whole continent and was at its largest in September 2008, when the longest lasting hole on record remained until the end of December.[173] The hole was detected by scientists in 1985[174]and has tended to increase over the years of observation. The ozone hole is attributed to the emission of chlorofluorocarbons or CFCs into the atmosphere, which decompose theozone into other gases.[175] In 2019, the ozone hole was at its smallest in the previous thirty years, due to the warmer polar stratosphere weakening the polar vortex. This reduced the formation of the 'polar stratospheric clouds' that enable the chemistry that leads to rapid ozone loss.[176]

Some scientific studies suggest that ozone depletion may have a dominant role in governing climatic change in Antarctica (and a wider area of the Southern Hemisphere).Ozone absorbs large amounts of ultraviolet radiation in the stratosphere. Ozone depletion over Antarctica can cause a cooling of around 6 °C in the local stratosphere. This cooling has the effect of intensifying the westerly winds which flow around the continent (thepolar vortex) and thus prevents outflow of the cold air near the South Pole. As a result, the continental mass of the East Antarctic ice sheet is held at lower temperatures, and the peripheral areas of Antarctica, especially the Antarctic Peninsula, are subject to higher temperatures, which promote accelerated melting. Models also suggest that the ozone depletion/enhanced polar vortex effect also accounts for the recent increase in sea ice just offshore of the continent.

Other prominent news

Nimrod Expedition South Pole Party (left to right): Wild, Shackleton,Marshall and Adams

Roald Amundsen and his crew looking at the Norwegian flag at the South Pole, 1911

The French Dumont d'Urville Station, an example of modern human settlement in Antarctica

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The mystery of Bermuda triangle

The Bermuda Triangle, also known as theDevil's Triangle or Hurricane Alley, is a loosely defined region in the western part of the North Atlantic ocean where a number of aircraft and ships are said to have disappeared under mysterious circumstances.

It is situated between three points

Florida, Puerto Rico and a point in the Atlantic ocean called Bermuda

First notable case

The earliest suggestion of unusual disappearances in the Bermuda area appeared in a September 17, 1950, article published in The Miami Herald (Society's Press) by Edward Van Winkle Jones. Two years later, Fate magazine published "Sea Mystery at Our Back Door", a short article by George Sand covering the loss of several planes and ships, including the loss of Flight 19, a group of five US Navy Grumman TBM Avenger Torpedo Bomber on a training mission.

Some explanations

Paranormal explanations

Triangle writers have used a number of supernatural concepts to explain the events. One explanation pins the blame on leftover technology from the mythical lost continent of Atlantis. Sometimes connected to the Atlantis story is the submerged rock formation known as the Bimini road off the island of Bimini in the Bahamas, which is in the Triangle by some definitions. 

Natural explanations

Compass variations

Compass problems are one of the cited phrases in many Triangle incidents. While some have theorized that unusual local magnetic anomalies may exist in the area, but such anomalies have not been found. 

Notable cases

Ellen Austin

The Ellen Austin supposedly came across a derelict ship, placed on board it a prize crew, and attempted to sail in tandem with it to New York in 1881. According to the stories, the derelict disappeared; others elaborating further that the derelict reappeared minus the prize crew, and then disappeared again with a second prize crew on board.

USS Cyclops

Main article: USS Cyclops (AC-4)

The incident resulting in the single largest loss of life in the history of the US Navy not related to combat occurred when the collierCyclops, carrying a full load of manganese ore and with one engine out of action, went missing without a trace with a crew of 309 sometime after March 4, 1918, after departing the island of Barbados.

Carroll A. Deering

Schooner Carroll A. Deering, as seen from the Cape Lookout Outvessel on January 29, 1921, two days before she was found deserted in North Carolina. (US Coast Guard)

A five-masted schooner built in 1919, Carroll A. Deering was found hard aground and abandoned at Diamonds shoals, near Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, on January 31, 1921. 

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Astonishing facts about the great pyramids of Giza

1. The great pyramids of Giza are one of the oldest monuments and they were made about 3,800 years ago

2. The blocks used in making of the pyramids were about 2,500kgs to 70,000kgs in weight but it is impossible for today also to lift that much of weight as the modern cranes can also lift only about 20,000kgs of weight.

3.

In the image you can clearly see an alien like creature with a big head and a little height as shown in most of the movies. Scientists believe that the pyramids were built by aliens.

4.

here also you can see a UFO like drawing. Can it be a symbol that aliens had come to the e earth and took alien technology with them and made pyramids? But why would they made them? Scientists believe that the pyramids were used by aliens to communicate to the earth.

5.

on 3rd December 2012 mercury, Venus and Saturn aligned with the pyramids after 2,737 years which shows how precisely the pyramids were made and it was impossible for humans to make it.

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Amazing facts part 2

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knowledge facts that you must know

1. Elephants are the only animals that can't jump.
2. Like fingerprints, everyone's tongue print is different.
3. The only food that doesn't spoil is Honey.
4. You can't kill yourself by holding your breath.
5. TYPEWRITER is the longest word that can be made using the letters only on one row on the keyboard.
6. People say, 'Bless You' when you sneeze because when you sneeze,your heart stops for a millisecond.
7. The longest muscle in the body is the tongue.
8. The most common name in the world is Mohammed.
9. Carbon monoxide can kill a person in less than 15 minutes.
10. The blood of mammals is red, the blood of insects is yellow in colour, and the blood of lobster is blue.
11. The hummingbird, the loon, the swift, the kingfisher, and the greb are all birds that cannot walk.
12. The fastest bird is the Peregrine falcon, clocked at speeds of up to 240 miles per hour.
13. Dragonflies are one of the fastest insects, flying 50 to 60 mph.
14. The electric chair was invented by a dentist.
15. A cat's tail contains nearly 10 percent of all the bones in its body.
16. Corn is grown on every continent except antarctica.
17. Hearing is the fastest human sense. a person can recognize a sound in as little as 0.05 seconds.
18. "Rhythm'' is the longest English word without a vowel.
19. Human thigh bones are 8 times stronger than concrete.
20. Earth is the only planet not named after a god.

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Introduction

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